He haerenga whakamīharo te whanaketanga o ngā anga maru e roa ana i ngā rautau, e tohuhia ana e te auahatanga, te ahunga whakamua o te hangarau, me te rapu i te āhua me te mahi. Me tūhuratia te rārangi wā o te whanaketanga o ngā anga maru i roto i ngā tau.
Ngā Tīmatanga Tawhito:
1. Īhipa Tawhito me Mehopotamia (tata ki te 1200 BCE): Nō ngā iwi onamata te ariā o te marumaru kawe me te tiaki ua. He maha ngā wā i hangaia ai ngā maru o mua ki ngā rau nunui, ki ngā hiako kararehe rānei kua totorohia ki runga i tētahi anga.
Ūropi o te Waenganui me te Renaissance:
1. Ngā Wā o Waenganui (rautau 5-15): I Ūropi, i ngā Wā o Waenganui, i whakamahia te maru hei tohu mana, hei tohu taonga rānei. Kāore anō kia whakamahia hei taputapu tiaki i ngā āhuatanga o te rangi.
2. Te rautau 16: I tīmata te whanaketanga o te hoahoa me te whakamahinga o ngā maru i Ūropi i te wā o te Renaissance. He maha ngā wā he taumaha, he pakari hoki ngā anga o ēnei maru o mua, ā, kāore e taea te whakamahi i ia rā.
Te rautau 18: Te whānautanga o te maru hou:
1. Te rautau 18: I tīmata te hurihanga tūturu o te hoahoa maru i te rautau 18. Ko Jonas Hanway, he tangata Ingarihi, e kiia ana ko ia te tangata i whakatairanga i te whakamahinga o ngā maru hei ārai i te ua i Rānana. He anga rakau, he tuanui kakahu pania ki te hinu ō ēnei maru o mua.
2. Te rautau 19: I kitea i te rautau 19 ngā whanaketanga nui o te hangarau maru. Ko ētahi o ngā mahi auaha ko ngā anga maitai, nā reira i pakari ake ai, i taea ai te takai, kia whai hua ake ai mō te whakamahi i ia rā.
Wā tuku: Hepetema-22-2023